Proposal “Violence Against Women”

Shantel Jones Professor Sara Yu Eng. 121-111 15 April 2013 â€Å"Violence Against Women† The research proposal I am preparing is going to be addressing violence against women and the challenges they face when children are involved in the household. The aim of the research is to view how these challenges are overcome and give way to women rights and their political rights (nineteenth amendment). In the early 1990’s over half a million American women were raped.In 1994 congress passed the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), which forbids the state from interfering with women’s citizenship and political rights. Starting from domestic abuse to rape as a weapon of war, violence against women is a gross violation of their human rights. Global issues of violence against women not only does it frighten women's health and their social and economic health, violence also hinders global efforts to reduce poverty. Violence against women falls in several different categories.Do mestic violence occurs between man and women. Domestic violence is one of the main issues in most parental abduction cases. The article also talks about custody battles and how visitation should go when it comes to the children. Domestic violence has been defined in various ways in the legal, social science, and psychology fields. Within the legal field alone, the term carries a different meaning depending on whether state or federal law governs and whether a case arises in the criminal or civil sphere.According to Deborah Goelman under the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), â€Å"domestic violence includes the following: [F]elony or misdemeanor crimes of violence committed by a current or former spouse of the victim, by a person with whom the victim shares a child in common, by a person who is cohabitating with or has cohabitated with the victim as a spouse, by a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction rece iving grant monies, or by any other adult person against a victim who is protected from that person's acts under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction receiving grant monies. † This topic is of interest to me because as a woman studying the laws on women’s right helps you to become more knowledgeable in society. If the world does not address the issue, it stands to suppress the enormous potential of women and girls. When they feel safe, when they are empowered, women and girls can be game-changers. What I hope to gain from this research project is different ways to deal with domestic violence if I was to ever come in contact with a violent individual.

Extending High School

I don’t think high school should be extended to five years. Many students can barely make it past the first couple years. If high school is extended, then there will be an increase in the number of student dropouts. There will be a decrease in the number of high school graduates. Many students don’t like school, so an additional year may just be too much. Eventually, they will decide to drop out. More conflict will arise for those students who do not get along well with others. Most students think of school as a chore and not a privilege.They are desperate to get out of school. Adding another year will only discourage them in continuing their education. They will begin to feel like school will get them nowhere because they have been there for so long. Educationally speaking, there is little academic reason to extend high school. Increasing the time will only decrease the difficulty of the courses and not prepare students for college classes. Most middle schools do a gre at job in keeping students that want to excel in their studies get a head start for high school.In most districts, students who excel academically, and need less time in high school, have opportunities to take college level classes before graduating. If a student did not do well in high school, and decides to go back and receive his/her diploma, he/she can take remedial classes at a community college. They can then get a better job or begin their college education. Socially speaking, the school would then be a mix of students between the ages of fourteen and nineteen years of age. Social issues will arise between the younger and the older students because of the age difference between the groups.High school performs an important social role in guiding students through their teenage years. At eighteen years of age, a person is already an adult and should be socialized with adults, such as other college students or fellow employees. In conclusion, high school should continue to be fou r years. This extension will only make high school dull and unbearable for many students. It does not matter how many years a student stays in high school. It is the quality of learning and the students’ own will to succeed.

Petit and fernando

There were two young souls with a dedicated passion in the novel † Let The Great World Spin† by Colum McCann expressed themselves through different inspiration. Philippe Petit, the French acrobat who in 1974 walked across a tightrope between the Twin Towers. Petit a man with out a fear, well that's what you would say if you would watch him pursue what he felt like was destiny. He had a passion most would call crazy, insane, or even fatal. Fernando Yunque Marcano was Just young Hispanic fourteen year old boy still experiencing life, and adventure through a camera in the treets of New York.Fernando was blown away by the creativity that these artists would express and how they would show their thoughts through art. Philippe and Fernando are two different people in two different settings living in their own journey. Petit was passionate about â€Å"walking on wire. † He didn't want to think of the consequences he could face while performing such walk. He was a calm per son Just focused on his dream to walk further and higher, to call it history I suppose. His motivation was the rush he received.He puts himself to the test and it was even said that â€Å"His favorite moment was running along the wire without a balancing pole- it was the purest bodyflow he could get† (McCann 158). When he finally arrived to walk on the wire and went through the rush â€Å"he felt for a moment uncreated. Another kind of awake† (McCann164). A person feels like it was a different of kind of living says a lot on how he felt for this passion someone would call insane, he felt alive. He felt something he couldn't compare it to. Petit had a talent that humanity could not deny.Fernando Yunque Marcano was a humble quiet boy with not much money. He is an adolescent but definitely knew where his passion lied. He hid his face through a camera. Fanatical in his work, the only image that he had in his mine was captivating the moment through photography. Fernando wou ld surf the trains of New York putting himself in danger one hand on his camera trying to take pictures of what he saw such beauty in, tags â€Å"loves the way the letters curl, the arcs, the swerves, the flames, their clouds. (McCann 168), it shows that he saw creativity and enjoyment to omething that we see everyday and probably show not much interest in. His talent to express himself in photographs is another way of speech. Philippe Petite was a man with an obsession of the wire. Fernando Yunque Marcano had an obsession of the camera. They were two legendry men in their own unique way. No matter their motive or their reason they did what they loved to do. Their dedication to what they felt was their purpose overcame their â€Å"fear† to reality. There dedication to there obsession is another world for his passion.

WK Secondary Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WK Secondary Data - Essay Example It facilitates in making primary data more specific as gaps and deficiencies within primary data are taken care of through already available secondary data. As an example, secondary data assists in the comprehension of a problem and also provides a basis for comparison of the data that has in essence been collected for the purpose of research (Kiel, 1984). On the other hand, secondary data also has its fair share of disadvantages. Secondary data might not fit within different frameworks and hence the customized feel that primary data can offer seems missing at times. Thus the marketing research been done under such concerns comes out to be improper and inadequately drawn. At times, the accuracy and genuineness of secondary data might not be authenticated and thus there is a great amount of concern with regards to the market researchers under this facet (Ghauri, 2005). Lastly, as an example, secondary data might be outdated for researches done in the past, which is quite a significant issue when one understands how secondary data can fail within certain research

Nokia Finacial problems and its possible solutions Essay

Nokia Finacial problems and its possible solutions - Essay Example In 1994, Nokia Tune was launched, which gave new technology to the cell phone industry. In 1994, the company introduced the world’s first satellite phone technology and made the first call using this technology. In 1997, the game Snake was put onto a cell phone for the first time. This was one of the first phones to feature a video game, which was a significant development at the time. In 1998, Nokia took over as the worldwide leader in cell phone sales. This is a significant feat because it was originally such a small company from such a small country. Furthering the technology that it had produced, Nokia brought out N-Gage, which is a multiplayer mobile gaming unit. In 2005, the billionth Nokia phone was sold, while global mobile phone subscriptions passed the two billion mark. Currently, the President and CEO of the company is Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo, while Jorma Ollila remains the Chairman of the Board. Currently, Nokia has taken a bit of a hit on its public relations side. Troubles with the networks equipment division of the company made it necessary for it to streamline that division. This led to layoffs and organizational restructuring, which hurt the company’s image in Finland, leading to a number of court cases against the company and even a documentary television show that portrays the company in a negative manner. Despite this, however, the company has grown a phenomenal amount since its beginning and also since its move into the cell phone business. On June 19, 2006, Nokia announced that it and Siements AG would merge their mobile and LAN line phone networks in order to create one of the world’s largest networks. Under this agreement, each company would have a 50% share of the new company, which would have its head office in Helsinki, Finland and would be called Nokia Siemens Networks. This new company expect annual sales to reach â‚ ¬16 billion and

Media and Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Media and Terrorism - Research Paper Example The findings of the study demonstrate that media coverage on terrorism has got more of disadvantages than advantages. However, the implications of the research also make it clear that media can effectively be used as the tool for counter-terrorism. There have been a lot of studies and researches made on Terrorism and its social, economic and political impacts. Terrorism, a curse on the human race, is a global phenomenon and it has no boundaries. As terrorism is highlighted by the media, it is interesting to have a look into the relationship between media and terrorism. Media can be considered as the bread and butter for terrorism as it helps in giving a world-wide coverage on terrorist acts and thereby achieving their objectives and spreading their messages. Even a localized terrorist attack, celebrated by media gets coverage all over the world and thereby the responsible terrorist group gets benefited. In this regard, it becomes relevant to discuss the impact of conventional media l ike newspapers and television, as well as new generation media like internet on terrorism. In fact, one can observe a give and take the relationship between media and terrorism as both get benefited on the other. The success of a terrorist act is merely dependant on the coverage given by the media and it can be stated that without getting a widespread publicity, terrorists cannot achieve their goals and objectives to its fullest. On the other hand, media also gets benefited by terrorist acts.

Expansion and Merger Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Expansion and Merger - Research Paper Example But empirical evidence points to the fallacy of this theory. As it is, government intervention is only sought when there is a major economic crisis, like during the 2008 Wall Street crash. It is a bit unfair for the general population that tax-payer money is doled out to greedy corporations when they are in trouble. At the same time, during the boom their behavior is not regulated in the name of Laissez-faire. The activities of the financial services industry being the cause for the current economic slowdown, it would be prudent to call for greater government regulation in this area. The prospects and possibilities of Armor Bank for further expansion will have to be weighed in the broader context of the stability and long-term sustainability of the economy. 2. Justify the rationale for the intervention of government in the market process in the U.S. The American economy had always seen cycles of boom and bust. It is fair to say that the domestic and economic policies framework of var ious American Presidents of past have been generally business friendly and thereby been lax on regulation. The most recent economic crisis witnessed across the world was precipitated by financial institutions in the United States. The collapse of the Lehman Brothers in 2008 brought to light the reckless and greedy decision making of top executives in this industry, leading to the inevitable collapse. In this context, the idea of regulation as a legislative means to â€Å"encourage the things society as a whole likes (such as economic development) and discourage the things it doesn't (thus, the sin tax)† (Rosenzweig, 2007) is the way to go. As globalization and technology advance, â€Å"financial institutions become the focus of additional regulation; new regulations might be seen as a way of thwarting money laundering, achieving community development goals, or channelling credit to needy borrowers, for example. Such uses are legitimate reasons that lead regulation toward its true mission - to help establish the boundaries within which an industry can operate." (Jordan, 2001) In the prevailing regulatory environment in the United States, there are only limited hurdles for corporate consolidation. This means that there is a constant flux of merger & acquisition activities in corporate America. But such a free reign had not helped strengthen the general economy, beyond the private sector. Hence, there is credence to the view that greater control should be exerted over M&A activities. This is especially true with respect to the financial services sector that bears major culpability for the current decline of the economy. 3. Assuming that the merger faces some threats and that the industry decides on self-expansion as an alternative strategy, describe the additional complexities that would arise under this new scenario of expansion via capital projects. Expansion via capital projects is a relatively more challenging exercise than finding opportunities for m ergers. Yet, this could be achieved via starting operations in new and unexplored verticals within the financial services sector. In the context of Armor Bank, if the company could consolidate itself into a financial holding company, new opportunities for growth beckon, including â€Å"banking and insurance, investment and commercial banking, mortgage banking, trusts, and annuities†¦even the lines between banking and commerce blur." (Jordan, 2001) But managing a broad portfolio will bring

Art joins poetry on the beach by Charles Donelan Essay

Art joins poetry on the beach by Charles Donelan - Essay Example They went against the grain of local opposition to foreigners photographing sacred building as well as the omnipresent dust, severe temperatures, and inclement light. Most of these early photographers made negatives on glass plates, which were delicate and cumbersome; however, they produced sharp images. Francis Frith (England 1822-1898) documented that the severe heat could boil photosensitive chemicals on his glass plates, and regularly the best accessible darkrooms were tombs and caves. Other photographers made collotypes’, the paper negatives from which positive photos are printed. There were more convenient than glass plates and the paper’s texture produced a positive photo with softer tones. Photographs of the holy locations, archeological places, and ruins authenticated the new field of archeology, liberated historians, and captivated those wanting romantic perceptions of alien lands. Photos offered foster experiences for Americans and Europeans put off by the vo yage, even after the Suez Canal opened in 1896. The exhibition installation offers classic images presenting a variety of themes and topics including city views, pictorial of holy places, ancient architectural allure, and assessment of essential artifacts. All images in this installation are derived from Leland Stanford Junior museum. Frith exceedingly explored the Near East during three long voyages, all taken between 1856 and 1860. In 1857 he photographed Cairo’s mosques, a daunting task because non-Muslims were not permitted inside them and he had to find vantage points away from the town’s throngs. Frith collected his photographs of architecture causally so that light and shadow assisted a feeling of spatial profundity and scope. Frith, a Quaker and flourished entrepreneur with a passion for expedition, became the most prominent English photographer of the Near East. He accomplished this aiming chic audience with his elegant photographs, stereo-view cards, and phot o-graphics publications featuring archeological and biblical locations. During his expeditions, Frith noted that tourists were the central audience of his photography collections. The most of the Mosque Emeer Akhor was of particular interest to me. Architecture is the art of construction. The art consolidates shapes, building techniques, and constructions of materials to create a building that is alluring to look at. This art as well works the means it requires to, and fits with what is around it. In these photograph we view a mosque with all its beautiful dome and striking patterns. It is shielded by a stonewall. The design of this mosque is an irrefutable Ottoman imperial style, likely as a challenge to the Sultan authority. The architecture of the mosque from the photograph yet has remained mostly faithful to its style accredited to the earlier dynasty. The stonewalls somehow gives one the feeling that the mosque was fortified by the then dynasty, to shield it from the crusaders. PART II Hank Pitcher’s paintings are founded in a certain feeling of place. He was born in Pasadena, California on July 20, 1949. Yet his parents relocated to Isla Vista, next to Santa Barbara. He was two years-old. Then, Isla Vista was a mere colony on the beach. On the other hand, Goleta was a farm town where kids rode their horses gown the street to buy chocolate at the store. At San Marcos High School, he was a coffee star and was hired by big-shot universities. Instead of soccer, he selected to attend the College of Creative Studies, an option program within the University of California at Santa Barbara, where he currently teaches painting. He divides his time between painting and surfing, engaging in each with devotion and

Accounting and Society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Accounting and Society - Research Paper Example Each business has its own industry and it has its own operational style. And, in each industry, various and numerous products and their diversified versions are available for the purpose of sale or for the purpose of subsequent processing. With the passage of time, and due to the boom and increase of diversity in the business world, it becomes more relevant and practical to introduce and implement new accounting theories and accounting standards for the purpose of harmonizing the business structure in the most appropriate and relevant structure. Thanks to this sort of thinking and approach, today, we have different specializations in the field of accounting than ever before. On the one hand, financial accounting serves the purposes and objectives of the external shareholders and stakeholders; on the other hand, management accounting helps internally; providing the best possible combination of accounting information that can be used for the purpose of making most appropriate and relev ant budget, cost, and management-related decisions. Financial accounting users prefer to see the aggregate performance of a company; for instance, they prefer to see whether the company has performed well in comparison with the financial statements of the previous year. And to what extent, the company has been successful in ensuring the achievement of its financial corporate goals and objectives. On the basis of comparative analysis, the shareholders decide and take their financial decisions. The users of financial information can be creditors, suppliers, shareholders, regulatory and government bodies and so on. It is the role of regulatory bodies like, International Accounting Standards Board, and other government bodies to ensure that whether a particular company has applied and complied with all the basic and fundamental regulations and standards. This compliance is necessary for companies and society as well. The compliance of standards ensures that the company understands the n eeds of all the relevant stakeholders and shareholders. Compliance of relevant accounting standards and legal requirements ensures shareholders that their financial investment is not at stake; rather, it is being used according to the relevant and applicable standards. In order to ensure that a company has fully or partially applied standards while preparing its annual or bi-annual financial statements, the public limited companies are required to publish their annual financial and non-financial information for the purpose of informing the general public. This explains the concept of free market, where the accounting and relevant

Problem set Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Problem set - Assignment Example By co-operative principle, this answer was not informative and was clearly out of sorts with the person who had asked it. It cannot be necessary that cats rule the world and even the subject asked how long it would take the process to be complete. Actually it is supposed to be a unified issue where answers are effectively given. Word order in linguistics is used to make a reference to studying the syntactic constituents that make up a language. Under many circumstances, correlations between different words do occur. Basic orders of words can be defined by use of the finite verb (V), object and the subject (SVO). The normal transitive sentence has got six possible theoretical word orders. SVO is however basic to all languages of the world which is a basic issue of concern in this discussion. There is however preference to the Chinese and English language. The aim of this section is to make a comparative and contrasting view of the word order. Word order in the Chinese language is as important as it is in the English language. From the comparative basis, there is a sentence constituent that follows the SVO order. This however does not bring the implication that the English and Chinese word order is all the same. To start with, in statement, the structures of these sentences are the same. The subject precedes the verb and the object comes later. This can be referred to as the SVO order. This is just the normal word order in the systems of languages. Take for example the sentence â€Å"I learn Mandarin†. In Chinese, it takes the same order of arrangement 我å ­ ¦Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡, where我=I, Ã¥ ­ ¦=learn, ä ¸ ­Ã¦â€"‡=Mandarin. This is exactly the same order of arrangement of words. The arrangement above simply indicates that there is no problem interpreting the language as far as the order is concerned. There is however a slight difference between verb inflection between English and Chinese. In Chinese, ver bs are not inflected. The Chinese language has no past tense,

Social Enterprise and Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Social Enterprise and Future - Essay Example The success of a business idea is the ability to own it through the patent. The patenting of business ideas ensures that the idea is by the organization, and any of its use will lead to monetary value. The major challenge with patents is the process involved in obtaining the patents. The patents are to be used to protect intellectual property such as software. Changes in design and technology must be evaluated on the basis of success that they can bring to the society while the originators must be able to obtain a reward from the advancement. The commercialization process involves several steps that must be addressed in order to achieve success. These steps include; invention disclosure and assessment disclosure. Upon receiving the invention, the review offers insight on whether the protection of intellectual property is necessary. The major challenge has been the rights of the initiators who may be employees of the company.In order to succeed, the company must have a reward system t hat recognizes the role of the employees in innovation. It is vital for the employees to own the innovation which will, in turn, encourage creativity within the organization. Individuals should be allowed to apply for patents for their innovations because they own it and it should not be taken away from them. However, the current situation does not encourage individuals to apply for intellectual property ownership leading to the development of several issues including fear and loss of wealth generation opportunities.

The korean conflict Essay Example for Free

The korean conflict Essay The Korean conflict had a number of factors that contributed to it. One of the factors although it is not the major one could be the size of Korea as a country which is small in the middle of large countries such as Russia, China and Japan. Because of this fact, each surrounding country wanted to take over Korea to be under their territory, something which Korea had trouble in dealing with. Most of the time, she could find herself under the control of the neighbors like China which controlled her at intervals for over 1000 years. The major cause of the conflict came into play when Japan took control of Korea just like the other neighboring countries had done. They ruled Korea from 1904 until the end of the World War II when the Soviet Union and the United States of America joined forces to drive Japanese out of the Korean territory. They agreed that after the Soviet Union was to rule in the north with the United States taking the Southern Korean. The 38 parallel was to make the dividing line between the North and the South Korea. The two countries ruled for a period of two years after which they both left Korea. The North which was under the Soviet Union leadership was left with a communist government while the south which was under the leadership of the US, a democratic government was left behind . Because of the need for unity between the north and the south, problems started. There were two governments in place: one formed by the southern people which was a democratic government and the other one was a communist government. The northern government formed the democratic people’s republic of Korea which was headed by Kim II Sung as a prime minister and the southern government was led by Syngman Rhee who was their president. The north wanted Korea unified as a communist state with the south advocating for a democratic state. Elections were held to form a single government between the North and the south and were supposed to be supervised by the UN to ensure that they were fair. Elections were held, of which the South was declared to have been undertaken in a free and fair way but the Northern region’s elections could not be accepted because the UN supervisors could not be allowed into the North by the Soviets who were present. As a result, they were declared unacceptable. This led to formation of the separate states. Disputes started to emerge between the two sides with each side becoming more aggressive . The United States pulled out its soldiers from the south from 40,000 who were there to only 500 soldiers and limited the number of weapons they were sending to the region. This was partly because of the fear of the southern president attacking the North and also because of the policy that had been passed in the US concerning Asia (NSC 48/2) . Because of the power that the Soviet and China had developed through military advancement such that by 1949 they already had a nuclear bomb, the US opted for a different way of resolving the conflict other than war . In 1950, the troops from North Korea launched a surprise attack on the south. The UN intervened and called an emergency meeting on the same day but the meeting was boycotted by the Russian security delegation because the UN had recognized Chiang Kai-Shek’s government as the official government in Taiwan and ignored Mao’s communist rule in Beijing. At the meeting, it was claimed by the US that North Korea had interfered with world peace by attacking South Korea. America wanted North Korean troops to back off from the 38 parallel, a view that was supported by nine out of the eleven member countries. On 27th of June 1950, the US suggested that the UN should use force to get the North Korean troops out of the south because of them boycotting the Security Council . The UN formulated its plans in which 16 member states were to provide troops under the joint command of the UN which could support the South Korean army. The UN troops were under the command of an American General MacArthur. The UN troops launched an attack against the North Korean troops in September of 1950 and managed to effectively cut North Korean army into two and managed to push them out of the south. They continued advancing to the North Korean territory despite the warnings from China. This led to an attack on the UN troops by China between 1950 and 1951 managing to push back the UN forces. MacArthur was sucked by President Truman after they had clashed generating the war into a stalemate between the UN and China. They agreed on a ceasefire at Panmunjon in 1953 which still exists to date . The reasons that brought about conflicts between the North and South Korea were not justified. This was not North Korean verses South Korean war but instead it was a war between the US and the Soviet Union. It was the battle for supremacy between the US and the Soviet Union that fueled the conflicts between the two regions. In the first place, they are the ones who brought differences between the north and the south by first dividing them and instilling in them different forms of governance. Because of the effects that the war could have on the people of both the South and North Korea, the Northern troops could have desisted from entering the southern territory. From the start, it was evident that because of the differences that existed between the two, forming a unity government could do them more harm than good hence they should have continued with the separate governments they had formed . The cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union was more or less the same as the Korean conflict because it was still the struggle for supremacy between the Soviet Union and the US led to these wars. It was because of President Woodrow Wilson’s commitment to liberal internationalism that was aimed at promoting democracy together with free enterprise that conflicted with the Soviet Unions’ world wide class revolution which was aimed at bringing a socialist future that triggered the cold war. Differing economic interests between the two is also thought to have brought about the conflict. The US was out to create a new currency stabilizing scheme which the Soviet Union was opposed to because it was based on American capitalism. The issue of military superiority also had a hand in the conflict. The Soviet Union was the second most powerful and the US felt threatened by it. Therefore, it was keen on increasing its military capacity. The two came face to face in their fight for supremacy and had to deal with one another . Looking at the factors that led to the Korean conflict and those that contributed to the cold war, it is evident that the driving force between the two was the battle for supremacy between the Soviet Union and the US. These battles had significant effects to both states. It led to an expensive arms race which involved development of nuclear weapons, brought about alliances between states for and against each of the two and also had economic implications. They also led to propaganda wars and created a military and bureaucracy complex. It was not healthy for both of them and the world at large because of the tensions that it brought with them. Therefore, it is important for measures to be put in place to ensure that there is sovereignty among countries to avoid conflicts. BIBLIOGRAPHY Burton Ira Kaufman. The Korean conflict. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Publishing Group. 1999. Robert Buzzanco, â€Å"What Happened to the New Left? Toward a Radical Reading of American Foreign Relations† Diplomatic History, Vol 23 No 4 Fall, 1999, pp. 575-607 Roger George Stoven. Korean conflict: negotiation vs. armed settlement. Minnesota: Mankato State College, 1972. Mahavir Prasad Srivastava. The Korean conflict: search for unification. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India (1982). Melvyn P Lefler. A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration and the Cold War (Stanford, 1992). Vladislav Zubok and Constantine Pleshakov, Inside the Kremlin’s Cold War: from Stalin to Khrushchev (Cambridge, MA, 1996)

Independent Variable Dependent Variable Marketing Essay

Independent Variable Dependent Variable Marketing Essay The idea of business is an organized strategy to earn money. This idea forced the businesses for taking the important actions to improve not only the product qualities but also its packaging because packaging has a greater impact on purchase decision. It is the initial stage to experience whether this fulfill customers need perfectly as the product looks. Throughout Pakistan a lot of diary can be found together with unique brand names along with top quality such as Nestle, Olpers, Haleeb.Even though dairy products industry is very aggressive however there is positive change connected with packaging for the manufacturer inclination. Packaging attracts the consumers concentration to buy particular brand and increase brand image and influence towards consumers(Rundh,2005).Packaging characteristics can be evaluate in terms of 4 variables i.e. Size,shape,safety,package and ingredients detail attractiveness in context (Silayoi Speece,2004).This research paper evaluate five variable of packaging characteristics i.e. size of package, safety of product, shape of package, display of ingredients on package and package attractiveness. Packaging characteristics shows large influence on the consumer in brand preference. Consumer frequently assumes that if packaging characteristics are viable it shows that brand is of high quality and helps in decision making of consumer (Ampuero, O., Vila, N. 2006) Packaging characteristics creates uniqueness in brand (Silayoi Speece,2004) Packaging plays a vital role buying decision of packaged milk buyers. It is also positively associated with brand loyalty (Subhani, M.I., Osman, A.2011).This research paper finds that how packaging characteristics effects consumer brands preference in case of milk brands. Literature Review Appearance capabilities, pairing colorings, styles, shape, designs, along with announcements involving Foods, offer folks brand associate by way of example inside a departmental retail store many refreshments are usually held within exact same place yet client involving distinct brand can potentially separate his / her selection as a consequence of big difference involving color, dimension along with unambiguous shape (Nancarrow et al., 1998) Product Packaging is usually a application to create excellent partnership between Stores along with Meal Makers due to the fact each perform more tightly to build products designed for latest life styles, based on the latest technology. Some sort of Store, acquiring primary web page link having end users, can easily become very well aware about this belief associated with people. On the other hand manufacturers transform appearance type along with item top quality on the basis of information given by retailers. It has generated a good exploding market interested in able to try to eat foods, a niche through which appearance can be playing an increasingly essential role. (Vidales Giovannetti, 1995) Presently people have grown a lot more informed about the product packaging offered to all of them through products. The part involving product packaging provides modified in recent times given that mainly as a result of changing life-style and desires on the people. Corporations include commenced take enhancements throughout product packaging given that their own philosophy in recent times include modified which beneficial and special product packaging may stimulate client buying behaviors. The item is just about the method to obtain customers interest toward offerings, enhances the image on the manufacturer and enhances the perceptions on the client for your solution (Rundh, 2005) Product packaging attracts a persons vision of the buyers for any unique model. With advertising and marketing situation appearance represents a very crucial part inside speaking the goods towards buyers along with eventually raises consumers purchase options (Rita Kuvykaite, 2009)Â   Statement of the problem To determine the effect of packaging characteristics on consumer brand preference in packaged milk brands. Theoretical framework Packaging characteristics Consumer Brand Preference Independent variable Dependent Variable Operational definition Packaging characterisitics: It is measured on the questions of questionnaire on the following dimensions Size of Package Shape of Package Safety of Product Display of ingredients on Package Package attractiveness Consumer brand preference: It is measured in terms of level of agreement and disagreement to buy a product. Measured on 5 point Likert Scale Research Objectives To find out the effect of Packaging Characteristics on Consumer Brand Preference of packaged milk brands in Pakistan .checking the relation of Consumer Brand Preference with the following characteristics of packaging Size of Package Shape of Package Safety of Product Package Attractiveness Hypothesis H1: packaging characteristics are positively associated with consumer brand preference of package milk H1a: size of package is positively associated with consumer brand preference of packaged milk H1b: shape is positively associated with effects consumer brand preference of packaged milk H1c: safety of packaging is positively associated with consumer brand preference of packaged milk H1d: Package attractiveness is positively associated with consumer brand preference of packaged milk H1e: Display of ingredients is positively associated with consumer brand preference of packaged milk Research design The research design for this study will be quantitative research strategy during which questionnaires are going to be undertaken when data will be collected. The questionnaires will be self administered and the respondents will be the buyers at general stores. Population and sample Population will be the buyers at the general stores in saddar, hayatabad and town of Peshawar. And for sampling about 300 questionnaires will be distributed through simple random sampling in different grocery stores at saddar, hayatabad and town of Peshawar. Instruments In this research paper questionnaire is packaging characteristics based secondly it is based on comparison of different brands of diary product that how packaging effect the consumer purchase decision and thirdly it is based on the agreement and disagreement level of consumer brand selection with respect to the characteristics of packaging .Questionnaire will be closed ended and the answers will be recorded in the Likert five point scales. Data Collection In this research data will be collected through questionnaire for analysis. The data will be collected through personal survey at different stores of sadder, hayatabad and town of Peshawar by filling the questionnaire. Data Analysis In this research paper data will be analyze by using Pearson Correlation to find the relation between packaging characteristics and consumer brand preference and for the interpretation of the data SPSS 16 will used.

Current cognitive models of PTSD

Current cognitive models of PTSD The treatment literature of the past twenty years reflects an enormous interest in discovering the most effective psychological therapy for clients with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD. The overall aim of this paper is to critically evaluate current cognitive models of PTSD and literature on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapies to treat this disorder based on these models. Definitions of PTSD In the Fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) trauma is defined as: (a) The person experienced, witnessed or was confronted with an event that involved actual or perceived threat to life or physical integrity; and (b) the persons emotional response to this event included horror, helplessness or intense fear. Foa and Meadows (1997, p. 450). In DSM-IV psychological symptoms of PTSD are categorised into three cluster symptoms: re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing and increased arousal, which arise after the person is exposed to a traumatic stressor. The recurrent re-experiencing symptoms e.g. flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive thoughts, have been considered the hallmark of PTSD (e.g. Foa Rothbaurn, 1992). The second cluster includes avoidance of trauma-related stimuli and numbing of general responsiveness e.g. deliberately avoiding trauma-related stimuli and symptoms of emotional numbing (Foa, Hearst-Ikeda, Perry, 1995; Litz, 1993). The latter are considered distinguishing features of PTSD (Foa Meadows, 1997). The third symptom cluster includes increased arousal e.g. hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, difficulty sleeping and irritability (APA, 1994). Current Government Guidelines on the treatment of PTSD Determining effective and efficient treatments for PTSD has become a priority in light of the conditions prevalence and the many techniques and interventions available. The National Institute for Clinical Excellence, NICE, reviewed the most robust outcome research and produced guidelines, to inform and guide clinical practice for the psychological treatment of PTSID in adults (NICE, 2005). The guidelines were based on an independent, systematic, rigorous and multistage process of identifying, reviewing and appraising evidence for the effective treatment of PTSD. These guidelines conclude that individuals with PTSD should receive either trauma focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, TFCBT or Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing, EMDR. However, a distinction is made between single incident trauma and more complex presentations, and the guidelines suggest increasing the total number of sessions accordingly. Although the guidelines appear helpful for the treatment of single incid ent PTSD, they are arguably not as informative for treatment approaches for a large group of individuals with complex PTSD. This presents difficulties for the clinician and client in deciding the most effective therapeutic options. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is the most extensively researched therapy for individuals with PTSD (Foa Meadows, 1997) and many studies support its efficacy in reducing symptom severity (e.g. Foa et al., 1995; Foa Jaycox, 1996; Foa, Rothbaurn, Riggs, Murdock, 1991; Resick Schnicke, 1992; Richards, Lovell, Marks, 1994; Thompson, Charlton, Kerry, Lee, Turner, 1995). However, CBT for PTSD encompasses diverse techniques. These include exposure procedures, cognitive restructuring procedures, and combinations of both these techniques. Exposure Therapy Exposure therapy is based on the premise that imaginal exposure (IE) to the trauma or feared situation, leads to symptom reduction. The theory argues prolonged activation of traumatic memories leads to emotional processing of the affective information, habituation of anxiety and integration of corrective information (Foa et al., 1995). Numerous studies have demonstrated that treatment based on exposure therapy is efficacious in reducing PTSD (e.g. Foa et al., 1999; Frueh, Turner, Beidel, Mirabella, Jones, 1996; Keane, Fairbank, Cadell, Zimmering, 1989). Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs, and Murdoch (1991) investigated exposure therapy, stress inoculation (a type of Anxity Management Treatment, AMT), supportive counselling, and a non-treatment group in the treatment of PTSD as a result of rape. Clinical ratings of symptoms and standardized psychometric tests were examined before and after treatment as well as at a 3-month follow-up. The stress inoculation intervention showed greater results than the counselling and non-treatment conditions at post-test. However, at the follow-up, the individuals participating in exposure therapy showed more improvements of PTSD symptoms than individuals in the other groups. Research has investigated the efficiency of exposure therapy compared to different methods of treatment. For instance, Tarrier et al. (1999) investigated exposure therapy and cognitive therapy in the treatment of individuals with PTSD arising from several different traumatic incidents. The two groups demonstrated noteworthy decrease in PTSD symptoms that was still present at the 6-month follow up. Although results were positive for both groups, there was no non-treatment control against which these two active treatments could be evaluated. Similarly, Foa et al. (1999) compared exposure therapy to AMT and then combined the two treatments. These three groups were compared to a non-treatment control group. All three of these treatments effectively reduced symptoms of rape-related PTSD and resulted in functional improvement. There were no differences among the three treatment groups on outcome measures, but all three groups improved more than the non-treatment comparison group did. In a study that once again compared exposure therapy to cognitive therapy, Marks, Lovell, Noshirvani, Livanou, and Thrasher (1998) examined these two treatments alone and in combination in outpatients with PTSD secondary to a wide range of traumatic events. A relaxation therapy condition was employed as the primary comparison group. All three active treatment conditions showed significant improvement, and greater improvement than that observed in the relaxation group. The three active treatments did not differ from one another on the key outcome variables. Several investigations have advanced the field of PTSD treatment, even though the methodology utilized in the outcome study limited the conclusions that could be drawn. Frank and Stewart (1983) reported the effects of systematic desensitization on women who had been raped and who developed significant psychological symptomatology. Compared to an untreated comparison group, those women treated with graduated exposure improved most on a range of anxiety and depression symptom measures. Richards, Lovell, and Marks (1994) compared imaginal and in vivo exposure in a randomized study of survivors of diverse traumatic events. At the 12-month follow-up, patients reported consistent reductions in PTSD symptoms and improved social adjustment. These data further substantiate the effectiveness of exposure therapy for some individuals, and also suggest that improvements in symptoms are also reflected in critical domains of life functioning. In summary, the existing data support the use of exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD. In a previous review of this literature, Solomon, Gerrity, and Muff, (1992), (Sited in Shapiro, 1995) derived the same conclusion from data available at that time. Similar conclusions were drawn by Otto, Penava, Pollack, and Smoller (1996) in a more recent review of the literature. In what may ultimately prove to be an important lesson for the treatment of individuals exposed to traumatic events, Foa, Hearst-Ikeda, and Perry (1995) examined the efficacy of a brief intervention to prevent the development of chronic PTSD. For women who had been recently raped, the authors developed a program based upon that which worked so well in earlier trials with chronic PTSD. Exposure therapy figured prominently in the package of treatments assembled. This package also included elements of education, breathing retraining, and cognitive restructuring. When individuals receiving the package were compared to a matched control group, this study found that at 2 months after intervention only 10% of the treated group met criteria for PTSD, while 70% of the untreated comparison group did. As information continues to grow on exposure therapy, there is a distinct need for studies to examine combinations of treatments, to employ measures that assess social and occupational functioning, and to address the impact of treatments on comorbid psychological conditions. Clearly, the available efficacy studies demonstrate the value of extending the use of exposure therapies to patients with PTSD. However future studies assessing the generalization of exposure therapy from laboratory trials to clinical settings would be particularly useful. When exposure therapy has been compared to other forms of cognitive therapy, such as cognitive restructuring (see below), it has proved to be more successful in reducing PTSD. Tarrier et al., (1999) compared Cognitive Therapy (CT) with imaginal exposure therapy (IE) for 72 people with chronic PTSD, and concluded that there was no significant difference between the two groups initially or at 12 month follow up. Participants recruited were obtained from a sample of referrals to primary and secondary mental health services and voluntary services, indicating that they were representative of a genuine clinical sample. However, 50% of the sample remained above clinical significance for PTSD symptoms after treatment was completed, although this dropped to 25% at six-month follow-up. This lack of improvement may have been influenced by participants failure to attend sessions regularly. Furthermore, those who did not show improvement rated the therapy as less credible and were rated as less m otivated by the therapist. Therefore, it is argued that motivation for therapy and regular attendance plays an important role in outcome of therapy regardless of treatment model. A further limitation of this study was that no control group was used and non-specific treatment factors and spontaneous remission could also account for the improvements in reported symptoms. Cognitive Restructuring Cognitive restructuring is based on the theory that identifying and modifying catastrophic and unrealistic interpretations of the traumatic experience leads to symptom reduction. Recent models have emphasised the importance of correcting cognitive distortions in the adaptive recovery of people following trauma (Ehlers Clarke, 2000). Ehlers, Clark, Hackmann, McManus, and Fennell (2005) utilized cognitive therapy based on the cognitive model of PTSD (see Ehlers Clarke, 2000). From this model, the aim of therapy is to modify excessively negative appraisals, correct the autobiographical memory disturbance and to remove the problematic behavioural and cognitive strategies. In a randomised controlled trial, twenty-eight participants who were referred to a community mental health team were diagnosed with PTSD. Fourteen participants were randomly allocated to immediate cognitive therapy or a 13-week waiting list condition. Those receiving cognitive therapy had 12 weekly treatment sessions, based on the Ehlers and Clarke (2000) model of trauma focused CBT. Participants completed self-report measures of PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety and also completed the Sheehan Disability Scale (APA, 2000). Measures were completed pre and post treatment and at 6 month follow up. Results found that CT for PTSD was superior to a 3-m onth waiting list condition on measures of PTSD symptoms, disability and associated symptoms of anxiety and depression. This study had no dropouts, which is a significant improvement on other studies, which Yielded high dropout rates. (e.g. Tarrier et al., 1999). Participants displayed a positive change in cognitive appraisals. The Ehlers and Clarke (2000) model suggest that two other pathways of change, change in autobiographical memory of the trauma, and dropping of maintaining behaviours and cognitive strategies as integral in reducing symptoms of PTSD. Although the treatment addressed these other two factors, these have not been systematically measured, so it is difficult to conclude whether clients experienced a change in these two areas. Further analysis indicated that demographic, trauma and diagnostic variables did not predict treatment outcome, suggesting that the treatment is applicable to a wide range of trauma survivors. However, the degree in variation of trauma and small sample numbers suggests that this finding would not be present in a larger sample. Co-morbid depression and previous trauma history, which was present in over half the sample, did not negatively affect outcome. Combinations of therapy Resick and Schnicke (1992) have proffered a multidimensional behavioural treatment package for women who have rape-related PTSD. This package, entitled cognitive processing therapy (CPT), combines elements of exposure therapy, Anxiety Management Training (AMT), and cognitive restructuring. The cognitive therapy component of CPT involves addressing key cognitive distortions found among women who have been assaulted. In particular, these authors have designed interventions for addressing difficulties in safety, trust, power, self-esteem, and intimacy in the lives of survivors. In a preliminary evaluation of CPT, the authors compared outcomes at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 3 months follow-up, and 6 months follow-up for a treatment group and a non-treatment comparison group (no random assignment was used). On clinician ratings and psychometric inventories of PTSD, the individuals receiving CPT improved markedly. At the post-treatment assessment, impressively, none of the treated patie nts met criteria for PTSD. In a recently completed study, Resick, Nishith, and Astin (2000) reported on a comparison of CPT and exposure therapy in the treatment of rape-related PTSD. In general, the two treatments were equally effective and more effective than a non-treatment control condition. CPT did also seem to reduce comorbid symptoms of depression, as well as those of PTSD. Combination treatments that include an array of cognitive-behavioural strategies have the advantage of addressing multiple problems that people with PTSD may exhibit, as well as incorporating techniques that have considerable empirical support in the clinical literature. Keane, Fisher, Krinsley, and Niles (1994) described a treatment package including exposure therapy, AMT, and cognitive restructuring as central features of their approach to treating PTSD. This package employs a phase oriented approach to treating severe and chronic PTSD that includes the following six phases: (1) behavioural stabilization; (2) trauma education; (3) AMT; (4) trauma focus work; (5) relapse prevention skills; and (6) aftercare procedures. Although this approach has clinical appeal, it wasnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t until psychologists Fecteau and Nicki (1999) examined such a package in a randomized clinical trial for PTSD secondary to motor vehicle accidents that the impact of a combination package such as that proposed by Keane et al. (1994) was assessed. Their intervention consisted of trauma education, relaxation training, exposure therapy, cognitive restructuring, and guided behavioural practice. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention or to a non-treatment comparison group and received some 8à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬10 sessions of individualized treatment. The results of the intervention were successful as measured by clinical ratings, self-report questionnaires, and a laboratory-based psycho-physiological assessment procedure. Described by the authors as clinically and statistically significant, these treatment effects were maintained at the 6-month follow-up assessment. Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie, Dang, and Nixon (2003) studied the effects of IE alone or IE with CR in the treatment of PTSD. They hypothesised that CR combined with IE would result in greater PTSD symptom reduction than exposure alone, which in turn would have greater benefits than a supportive counselling condition. Fifty-eight civilian trauma survivors, diagnosed with PTSD as measured by Clinician Administered. PTSD Scale, version 2, CAPS-2, (Blake et al., 1995) were randomly allocated to one of the three conditions. Each participant received eight weekly 90-minute sessions of either IE, CR and IE or supportive counselling. Participants completed assessments at pre and post treatment and 6 month follow up. These measured PTSD symptoms and psychopathology. Forty-five participants completed treatment and analysis indicated that dropouts had higher scores for depression, avoidance and higher catastrophic cognitions than those who completed. Results indicated that participants receiving bot h IE and IE/CR had greater reductions in PTSD symptoms and anxiety than supportive counselling (SC). The major finding of this study was that therapy involving IE and CR leads to greater reductions in CAPS-2 intensity scores than therapy involving IE alone. Furthermore, those receiving IE/CR, but not IE alone, reported fewer avoidance, depression and catastrophic cognitions than those receiving SC. The results from this study indicated that the combination of IE and CR are effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD. It can be argued that the reasons why IE/CR may have been more effective than augmented treatments in the past (e.g. Foa et al., 1999) was that the study carefully controlled for the amount of time actively spent on each treatment component. Furthermore, participants were instructed on CR before commencing IE so they understood the rationale behind the techniques prior to addressing the strong emotional components of IE. This may have increased their understanding and belief that it was a credible treatment approach. The finding that CR enhanced the treatment gains of IE may have been mediated by several possible mechanisms. IE and CR may involve common elements, including processing of emotional memories, integration of corrective information and development of self-mastery (Marks, 2000). Combining both interventions may provide the individual with greater opportunity to benefit. CR may have lead to greater symptom reduction as it specifically addressed identification and modification of maladaptive cognitions that may contribute to maintenance of PTSD and associated problems (Ehlers Clarke, 2000). Paunovic and Ost (2001), compared treatment outcome data for CBT and exposure therapy for sixteen refugees with PTSD. The authors excluded those who became too distressed in the initial interview, expressed a lack of confidence in the therapist or were misusing alcohol or drugs. Results indicated there was no significant difference between participants completing CBT or exposure therapy, being simila r to Tarrier et als (1999) findings. Criticisms of Paunovic and Ost (2001)s study are that participants did not use a self-report trauma measure, so although results are positive, there is no clear analysis of whether participants felt their trauma symptoms decreased as a result of the treatment. Further, it is not possible to generalise these findings to traumatised refugees in general, as this work is unique. Working with the use of an interpreter raises several ethical and sensitive issues, as the participant must be able to develop a therapeutic alliance with the therapist and trust the interpreter (Tribe, 2007). It could be argued that participants may have been experiencing a greater degree of trauma, not least because they had not yet learned the native language. Discussion The most effective CBT programs appear to be those that rely on repeated exposure to the trauma memory (Foa et al., 1999; Foa et al., 1991; Foa Rothbaum, 1992) on cognitive restructuring of the meaning of the trauma, (Ehlers Clarke, 2000) or a combination of these methods, (Resick Schnicke, 1992). Importantly, studies have concluded that trauma focused CBT is more effective than supportive counselling (Blanchard et al., 2003; Bryant et al., 2003). Whilst the studies reviewed have helpfully added to our understanding of PTSD there are numerous limitations of the applications of the findings. One in particular is an over-reliance on non-clinical samples of participants such that many claims of clinically effective therapy have been made from research with participants who were not within mental health systems, and despite having PTSD symptoms had not actively sought treatment. In addition, dropout rates in studies are high, particularly for those studies that did not use a clinical sample. This might have skewed the evidence particularly with approaches that used exposure-based therapy. Furthermore, most of the studies reviewed screened out those individuals experiencing the greatest amount of distress, avoidance and co-morbidity. Therefore results are biased towards those clients who were able to tolerate treatment and whose symptoms were not as chronic. Indeed, inclusion and exclusion criteria appear to have a great impact on outcome of treatment. For example, studies with a strict inclusion criteria (e.g. no co-morbidity, substance misuse, self harm) appear to have significant improvements, whilst other studies i.e. Kubany et al., (2003), allowed participants to continue with other therapy while embarking on their therapy. This makes it methodologically difficult to ascertain exactly what has been effective in reducing PTSD symptoms. As inclusion and exclusion criteria are idiosyncratic across studies, it makes it difficult to draw general conclusions regarding treatment effectiveness with a clinical population across studies. Studies often chose to focus therapy on identified groups, e.g. police officers. However, clients who experience PTSD do not form a homogeneous group and further, the symptoms experienced may be diverse even within a sample of individuals who have experienced the same trauma. Treatment studies often do not control for other factors that may be important contributing factors in outcome such as the role of education, quality of the therapeutic relationship, therapeutic alliance and other nonspecific factors. The literature was generally from American, British or European sources although clearly trauma is intercultural. This raises issues about how different cultures interpret PTSD, an essentially Western concept, and also whether the treatments advocated would be effective cross-culturally. Previous research has strongly indicated that PTSD is not an appropriate term to use in non-western situations (Summerfield, 1997), hence therapeutic approaches need to account for this. It is not clear in the majority of the research when the participant experienced the trauma, and at what point therapy started. Frequently these characteristics are omitted from studies, therefore making it difficult to compare effectiveness of studies. It is important to consider the types of clients who have been represented in the research and to look at whether it is representative of those who seek treatment. Finally, very little has been reported on the impact of other difficulties an individual is experiencing as PTSD can have a wide ranging impact on an individuals quality of life and functioning and most often clients have more complex presentations. Only very few studies reviewed controlled for this variable (see Ehlers et al., 2005). This is an inherent difficulty when completing research with a trauma population as within research it is important to obtain a sample that have a similar degree of difficulties in order to assess treatment efficacy. Several papers have evaluated different types of therapy according to particular groups. However, it appears that one size does not fit all in relation to PTSID. In particular the issues of culture and gender are of importance (see Liebling Ojiambo-Ochieng, 2000; Sheppard, 2000). Individual formulations of presenting problems and contexts, which informs therapy that is adapted to suit individual clients needs, may in fact be more helpful. It remains important to consider individual differences and client choice when offering trauma therapy. Trauma therapy outcome studies are limited by the fact that sufferers usually have other mental health problems alongside PTSD such as depression or social anxiety. Evaluation of effective treatment of trauma survivors therefore might need to go beyond medical diagnostic categories as most of the research excludes clients with co-morbid problems. A multifaceted intervention, based on clients own views, which addressed these other difficulties, may help reduce relapse and improve long-term efficacy of any PTSD treatment. As outlined in the methodological limitations section, much of the research reviewed has not used a genuine clinical sample, there are high dropout rates, widely variable inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the heterogeneity of PTSD has perhaps not yet been accounted for. It is therefore difficult to ascertain what is specifically helpful or effective within the treatment components. This seems to be the next area for consideration in research. Further research into the optimal length of treatment and timing of therapy, the effect of co-morbidity and the differing effects of individual and group therapy approaches for traumatised clients are required. Further controlled research is needed to ascertain if the types of therapies reviewed can provide long term lasting effects in reducing PTSD symptomatology. Currently the empirical data is generally limited to the assessment of short term, focused interventions, and it would be helpful to have controlled studies on longer-term treatment for more complex trauma cases. Further research would benefit from considering the clients views and experiences of therapy, this perspective was lacking in the literature reviewed. Service user and carer perspectives are beyond the scope of this review, however they have been highlighted as an important consideration within the NICE guidelines and therefore require further consideration in future research. Conclusion There appear to be at least three treatments with excellent empirical support for treating PTSD; exposure therapy, cognitive therapy or a combination of these methods. These three approaches have excellent empirical support in well-controlled clinical trials, manifest strong treatment effect sizes, and appear to work well across diverse populations of trauma survivors. However future studies to examine the effectiveness of these approaches in clinic settings are warranted. There is much to be learned about the treatment of PTSD. It is certain there will be no simple answers for treating people who have experienced the most horrific events life offers. Undoubtedly, combinations of treatments as proposed by Keane et al. (1994) and Resick and Schnicke (1992) may prove to be the most powerful interventions. PTSD research in this area is only in the earliest stages of its development. Finally, an assumption about the uniformity of traumatic events has been made in the literature in general. Although it is reasonable to speculate that fundamental similarities exist among patients who have experienced diverse traumatic events and then develop PTSD, whether these patients will respond to clinical interventions in the same way is an empirical question that has yet to be addressed. Studies posing a question such as this would be a welcome addition to the clinical literature: Will people with PTSD resulting from combat, torture, genocide, and natural disasters all improve as well as those treated successfully following rape, motor vehicle accidents, and assaults? This is a crucial issue that requires additional scientific study in order to provide clinicians with the requisite evidence supporting the use of available techniques. Research on the prevalence of exposure to traumatic events and the prevalence of PTSD has mainly been carried out in the United States. Yet there are fundamental errors in assuming that these prevalence rates apply even to other Western, developed countries. Studies that examine the prevalence of PTSD and other disorders internationally are clearly warranted. Implicit in this recommendation is the need to examine the extent to which current assessment instrumentation is culturally sensitive to the ways in which traumatic reactions are expressed internationally. Much work on this topic will be required before definitive conclusions regarding prevalence rates of PTSD internationally can be drawn. Studies of the effectiveness of the psychological treatments across cultures and ethnic groups are also needed. What may be effective for Western populations may be inadequate or possibly even unacceptable treatment for people who reside in other areas of the world and who have different world views, beliefs, and perspectives. This issue will need to be more closely examined before we can draw definitive conclusions. It is suggested that despite the type of treatment provided to individuals with trauma there is ultimately a need for a flexible, integrative approach to treatment in order to deal with the complex and varying needs of individual trauma survivors. A range of outcomes has been found with the types of approaches outlined in this review, it is unclear who will respond best to which treatment approach. However, what is important in determining the success of any psychological treatment of PTSD is that it is dependent upon establishing and maintaining a therapeutic alliance that is strong enough for the client to experience as safe and trusting for positive emotional change to occur.

Artistic Voice Essays -- Essays Papers

Artistic Voice Authors have a distinct identity that you recognize when you read their work of art. The qualities and aspects of a text that give an author a distinct identity as an artist are known as their artistic voice. Denise Levertov and Anne Sexton both use different themes in their poetry that separate them from other poets. Denise Levertov writes about the unknown and the unsaid in life. Anne Sexton distinguishes herself by writing about her family, loves, and her emotional tragedies. Sandra Cisneros wrote a novel called The House on Mango Street that contained a different setup than most novels. It was written in fragments and the language was straightforward. Cisneros focuses on the importance of freethinking and home. Brian Friel, an author who focuses on Irish issues and concerns, wrote a play, "Dancing at Lughnasa." Denise Levertov chose to write about things that were not readily seen by others. She wrote her poems in free verse and she paced her writing to lead to a climax that contrasted the intensity of her poems. Her artistic voice can be examined in her poem The Ache of Marriage. The ache of marriage: thigh and tongue, beloved, are heavy with it it throbs in the teeth We look for communion and are turned away, beloved, each and each It is leviathan and we in its belly looking for joy, some joy not to be known outside it two by two in the ark of the ache of it. When people think of marriage they think of a wonderful life complete with the white picket fence and kids playing on the lawn. Levertov, in this poem, talks about how marriage is not glorious all the time. In the first stanza she is talking about the physical aspect of marria... ...e one another. At the end of the play, Michael says, "†¦Father Jack was dead within twelve months. And with him and Agnes and Rose all gone, the heart seemed to go out of the house." (70) One of the family's main concern was to lose each other, but they proved themselves to be strong. After they lost three of their family members, they worked even harder to make ends meet. They did not give up; they stayed strong for one another. An author's artistic voice is important because it helps distinguish an author apart from the mainstream of things. Levertov and Sexton focus on different aspects in life to give them a distinct identity. Cisneros uses a different format in her writing in her novel and Friel focuses on Irish culture to distinguish their artistic voice. After reading these works of art, it is clear what point the artist is trying to convey.

A Non-Human Existence :: Analysis, Winston

Winston defines being human as having feelings, following sensory pleasures, and staying true to those two types of emotions because, â€Å"only feelings matter†(146). He also asserts that before the Party when people had individual relationships and â€Å"members of a family stood by one another† they were human (26). Winston’s deadened senses as well as his social disconnection, and the lack of import in his daily life after he leaves the Ministry of Love indicate that he has not achieved his goal of staying human. Winston is very desensitized after he leaves the Ministry of Love, making him inhuman. In the Chestnut Tree Cafà © Winston â€Å"took up his glass and sniffed it†(262). This action shows that he has lost the ability to be sensitive to smell. When Winston picks flowers for Julia, he notices â€Å"their faint sickly scent†, but when he sniffs his gin he doesn’t register any scent, he just â€Å"sniffed†(104, 262). Also Winston describes his gin as becoming â€Å"more horrible with every mouthful†(262). Although Winston registers and considers the taste of the gin, he doesn’t take pleasure in the taste, and doesn’t drink something he could enjoy more. One part of being human is following sensory pleasures and Winston is clearly not basing his meals or actions on pleasure. Also, Winston’s extreme social disconnection proves that he is no longer human. Winston reflects, â€Å"no one cared what he did any longer†(262). Before his time in the Ministry of Love, people surrounded Winston all day long. He was forced to wake, stretch and go to work. He ate, worked, and talked to others. But now, â€Å"no whistle woke him, no telescreen admonished him† so his life is completely without even these connections. For example, In the Chestnut Tree Cafà ©, Winston sits alone at a table where no one else will ever sit. Winston wishes for social connection, but can’t find it, as he is no longer human. So instead, Winston reaches out for the closest thing he can when â€Å"as though for reassurance he looked up at the imperturbable face†(263). Some people may say that this action shows that Winston is still human because he is looking and longing for social connection. However, during work when Winston is faced with the chance to co nnect with other people, he and the others instead end up â€Å"looking at one another with extinct eyes†(263). Winston cannot connect to anyone else, through telescreens, work, or even just everyday life. A Non-Human Existence :: Analysis, Winston Winston defines being human as having feelings, following sensory pleasures, and staying true to those two types of emotions because, â€Å"only feelings matter†(146). He also asserts that before the Party when people had individual relationships and â€Å"members of a family stood by one another† they were human (26). Winston’s deadened senses as well as his social disconnection, and the lack of import in his daily life after he leaves the Ministry of Love indicate that he has not achieved his goal of staying human. Winston is very desensitized after he leaves the Ministry of Love, making him inhuman. In the Chestnut Tree Cafà © Winston â€Å"took up his glass and sniffed it†(262). This action shows that he has lost the ability to be sensitive to smell. When Winston picks flowers for Julia, he notices â€Å"their faint sickly scent†, but when he sniffs his gin he doesn’t register any scent, he just â€Å"sniffed†(104, 262). Also Winston describes his gin as becoming â€Å"more horrible with every mouthful†(262). Although Winston registers and considers the taste of the gin, he doesn’t take pleasure in the taste, and doesn’t drink something he could enjoy more. One part of being human is following sensory pleasures and Winston is clearly not basing his meals or actions on pleasure. Also, Winston’s extreme social disconnection proves that he is no longer human. Winston reflects, â€Å"no one cared what he did any longer†(262). Before his time in the Ministry of Love, people surrounded Winston all day long. He was forced to wake, stretch and go to work. He ate, worked, and talked to others. But now, â€Å"no whistle woke him, no telescreen admonished him† so his life is completely without even these connections. For example, In the Chestnut Tree Cafà ©, Winston sits alone at a table where no one else will ever sit. Winston wishes for social connection, but can’t find it, as he is no longer human. So instead, Winston reaches out for the closest thing he can when â€Å"as though for reassurance he looked up at the imperturbable face†(263). Some people may say that this action shows that Winston is still human because he is looking and longing for social connection. However, during work when Winston is faced with the chance to co nnect with other people, he and the others instead end up â€Å"looking at one another with extinct eyes†(263). Winston cannot connect to anyone else, through telescreens, work, or even just everyday life.

Case Study †Catfish Dispute

â€Å"The Vietnamese catfish importers are enjoying the fruits of our work,† This was the main discontent of the domestic (US) catfish industry. Undoubtedly, the catfish farmers had put a lot of effort in improving the aquaculture technology to raise the catfish with better quality; thus, raised the demand of domestic market. At the same time, they had invested about US$50 million in the industry’s marketing. When catfish became the third favorite seafood of the American, leading to a total consumption of 275 million kilograms in 2000, it inevitably attracted people to get in the market.However, based on the fact that the US Congress had approved the U. S. -Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) with a reduction in tariff, it was the right for American importers to start the new business – importing Vietnamese catfish. The agreement was approved by the Congress due to the important reason: the trade benefits. To capture these benefits, they had to undertake the possible risks. Indeed, it was a fair game played by both parties. From the article, it was clear that one of the sources of discontent from domestic farmers was the quality considerations difference between the American-grew and Vietnam-grew catfish.The quality of US catfish is justified by the inspection of 17 federal agencies and can meet the standard of the Catfish Institute of America, whereas the Vietnamese catfish only need to pass the Food and Drug Administration’s approval. This preferential practice should not sustain. The authority should consider standardize the quality requirement of both places’ catfish, for example, make it compulsory for Vietnamese catfish products to undergo the same inspections as the US catfish. Or at least, ask for proof of quality issued by Vietnamese government for all imported catfish.

Consumer Behavior & Women’s Fashion

Consumer Behavior & Womens fake An interesting stereotype at chinquapin University is the daughters be always placeing to impressing. wherefore is this, not only at Chinquapin, that at other schools as healthful? We were interested as to what influences girls to adopt original disclosefits. Our group decided to take the orifice to research why girls secure the habilitate that they erupt. We were also interested as to how males, the other sex, influence the female purchase end when it comes to garment items and picking out enclothes for the daylight or night. Once we came across our topic, some(prenominal) questions came to mind.What do girls stand out in the college barb and why do they brave out it? What do guys wish to see girls wear, day or night? What factors into what girls purchase for vesture? Do college girls purchase certain conform tos ground on their personal watchs, and how they might smack the manner to their lucifers? Also, do girls pu rchase certain outfits based on the attractiveness, trendiest and/or comfort of the bind of habit items? After creating a survey for females and males petition a series of questions based on habiliments and opinion, we came up with hypotheses as to what we remember we will draw from the results and conclusions.Our group look atd that during the day, girls wear specific outfits based on what their friends wear and what is comfortable. At night, however, we felt as if girls wear outfits based on what they debate guys want to see them wear. In general, our group believed girls do not feel they need to dress to impress guys, but they still unconsciously do recognize certain clothes or outfits based on what they feel a guy may rely to see them in. Also, we felt as if guys broadly speaking do not care what girls wear. from each one expression we used gave us abbreviated screen background research on our consider topic of omens mould and consumer appearance.Our academic research findings were informative and helped us gain a better understanding of our topic, along with pass along us in the analysis of our results and conclusions aft(prenominal) conducting the survey. Martin Evans states an interesting idea of how elbow room get could pretend much to do with intercommunicate images of how buyers see themselves, or would like to be seen by their peers and society. Relating it back to our groups theories, girls may choose to purchase the clothes they wear because they believe it may look good on them, or owe a article of clothing looks on a model, is how the girl may count on it will look on her as she purchases it. fake batch be al closely the ideal fruit for expressing physical and psychological aspects of self (Evans 13). Fashion consumption is often a disclosure of self-image. There is an increase in the desire for self-expression and the continuing for the matching of female self-images and bell ringer images. Clothing is seen as on e of the most visible forms of consumption and forms a study role in the kindly anatomical structure of identity, according to Diana Crane in her confine Fashion and Its Social Agendas Class, Gender, and Identity in Clothing.Clothing choices interprets a specific form of coating among people for their own purposes. As artifacts, clothing can somehow create behavior through their capacity to impose sociable identities and empower people to assert a certain companionable identity. When giving out our survey, we wondered why would girls wear this certain outfit to school, or to hang out with friends, or to a bar. Also, how does wearing this certain outfit or clothing item strike the girl? Is she somehow showing her hearty identity among her errs or does she feel the comfort to wear what she wants to wear.In only societies, the clothes which tout ensemble people wear have at least three (mixed latent and main-fest) functions utilitarian, aesthetics and exemplary of their so cial role. Bernard Barber and Lyle S. Lobe believe pretty clothes for the teen-age girl in American society, for instance, are defined by her social role, especially by her presumed sexual innocence. In the American material body system, women take their human body status, by and large, from their relationship to men mateless young women from their fathers, adult married women from their husbands.The symbolic significance of womens consumption puts in indicate her household stability. The trickle system is perpetuated because the American class system makes women continually look to for symbols of their difference from those Jus below them in the system. At the same time, women continually seek for symbols of their comparability with those Just above them in the class ranking. Symbolically speaking, women and girls dress to prove their comparison among others such as men and unhorse/higher American class systems. Hymnbook, Rhea, and Oakley compared fashion process networks a nd fellowship outworks in down(p) groups of adolescents.They wanted to explore the overall radiation pattern of a fashion-process network and a friendship network, explore structural differences in comparative links of clothing espousal and social acceptance and discover the factors that contribute to clothing leadership and popularity in small groups of adolescents. These authors tack together clothing acceptance is cerebrate to peer acceptance and is found to occur within and across friendship links. The most monumental factor in determining this clothing leadership is found to be facial nerve attractiveness.In addition, facial attractiveness had a material effect on popularity. Clothing acceptance was found to be closely related to social acceptance, which our group believed was a motive why girls purchase the clothes they wear to possibly fit in with society, friends and peers. Harridan and bogeyman researched towards a better understanding of fashion clothing inte rest group. The study was concerned with consumer involvement in fashion clothing. It focused on building a reliable immunological network to bring a great understanding to this facet of consumer behavior.Materialism and gender are significant drivers of fashion clothing involvement. Also, unpaid shopper identity, ongoing information search, market mavens and purchase decision involvement are all significant outcomes of fashion clothing involvement. Materialism, what girls think society wants them to wear, and gender, the opposite sex, both have potential to play a commodious role in why girls choose their outfits and what drives them to wear a certain article of clothing. Our execution of the research further describes our background knowledge of womens fashion and consumer behavior

Ceremony of marriage in Islam Essay

In Islam, spousalss ar a real important impression most Moslem weddings argon position, in order for an place coupling to take place devil the boys/ female childs side must choke consent, with consistent marriages two families make sure that the boys/girls (and their familys) constitution and history is accepted in family and that they realize no flaws which would bring a bad name on their family any this is checked before the hubby/ wife enters into their family.A Muslim boy/girl shoot to choose their partners very(prenominal) conservatively as it is an arranged marriage and they atomic number 18 expected to spend their whole flavor with a stranger they remove to shake up to know them and know all their ship buttocksal of living and habits etc before they watch to marry them although any(prenominal)times the p arnts of the girl/boy are very strict and may non allow this to happen they may undecomposed decide for their son/daughter to conduct espous e to someone without asking their impression this may be a enigma sometimes as the hook up with meet may non get along or at that place may be other problems, a nonher problem with arranged marriages is that if the parents of the Muslim girl/ boy agree to the marriage without the daughters or/ sons consent thusly it is like they are deciding the depute if their child without the child having a dictate in it, tho mostly this is non the case and the girl/boy is asked their confidence about the person they are vent to marry because Muslims believe that a marriage which is forced is doomed to failure. In Islam get married to a member of your family whether its negociate or distant family is very common.The volume of Muslim marriages are arranged although there are a few hump marriages but in the Muslim familiarity whap marriages are not rattling an option and it seen as a very dangerous thing to do sometimes muslims regard being under the warp of venerate as a ela te state of mind that could easily demoralize judgement. Parents are thought to find dependable compatible partners for their children and sometimes they do no agree to fox consent to love marriages.Muslims are encouraged to consider an arranged marriage although sometimes people have a mixed marriage this is allowed as long as it is a Sikh, Indian, or a Christian person. If an Muslim gets married then the wife has to follow the economizes godliness and convert the children have to follow their amazes religion but it is preferred to get married to another Muslim because this way their residential district expands and Islam as a whole expands.When the marriage is decided upon (arranged) before the wedding legion(predicate) other celebrations and ceremonys have to take place. Such as the involution where both the girls and boys family gets in concert and have an struggle ceremony where the bride and groom get together and exchange rings the other event is the Mahr (dowry) The Mahr is the dowry paid by the husband to the wife. It is a sum negotiated by the husband and wife, which she can keep when or if they afterwards get break up, if the wife wants to get divorced without the consent of her husband she can but only if the mahr is returned. It is against, the sunnah of the prophet to admit high dowries or not give to give a dowry at all or pay the brides father in compensation for his daughters services at nucleotide.After this follows the tangible Nikah (wedding) the Nikah is a unanalyzable affair the ceremony is plain and candid consisting of readings from the Quran and vows are exchanged in reckon of witnesses. There are withal a few prayers recited for this happy occasion the imaum is map and no religious ordained is necessary. The bride does not have to be present as long as she sends her wali or marriage representative and also two witnesses of agreement to the wedding and she can be at home. The signing of the Nikah (wedding) cut offs can be changed the original watch by weeks or even months or years just like with the prophet and his wife Aishah.If the girl is at home they declare trey times that she accepts the wedding. Nikah is not considered to be a sacred boil down or made in nirvana but is a binding contract giving the husband and wife both equal rights and responsibilities. Due to the fact that love is not necessarily present at the time a bride can embarrass into the contract certain conditions that would help her if she subsequently wished to have a divorce she could also make it clear that she does not give permission to allow her husband to have a second wife.After the Nikah follows the Walimah this is the actual wedding party the bride may not dress up for the Nikah but she leave alone certainly dress up for the Walimah. The walimah ordinarily consists of the actual wedding feast it can take place within three days of the couple living together. Presents are usually given presents given are usually money. It is a tradition to have huge expensive parties in some societies but this is not religious or part of Islam, the prophet disapproves of lavish especially if it causes problems between the husband and wife.

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

You dont need to get a team policy on every aspect of your organization.Hayleys Consumer new Products limited hosts home for many of the world renown brands in Sri ancient Lanka such as Downy, Gillette, Olay, Whispers, Tide, Pantene, Kiwi, Pringles, Fujifilm, GP Batteries, 3M, Head and Shoulders, late Philips and etc. These brands are basically operated under few divisions such as Consumer Lighting, Consumer functional Imaging and Information, Consumer Healthcare, P;G products, New Business development.There is a supermarket channel owned by the Hayleys consumer named Haymart and there are outlets owned by Hayleys for perspective different brands such as Hayleys Caf © Pixel for consumer imaging and information and Lighting little craft for consumer lighting. Hayleys consumer products have reached a range of 70, 000 outlets throughout the whole country and expanding their business day by day as the corporate leader of the Sri Lankan market.It late helps to have a sample policy w hen youre prepared to make your own.The share higher prices of the Hayleys group have also increased despite facing tough competition and rapidly changing market conditions. Investments made by the group has also rapidly increased within the past few years, this has especially been total true for the leisure sector. 2.Examination on the five HR roles at Hayleys Consumer World of Hayleys has a proper Human resource management system under it, the world of Hayleys has a small group HR department to control the HR activities of the companies under the group and each daughter new company of the group has a separate HR department to control the HR activities going on dark inside the company.

Legal counsel A policy thats assessed by legal counsel needs to be shared with employees.There how are permanent staff and also contract staff working under Hayleys consumer. Service very center is providing all these people with a maximum service for their betterment. All the HR functions are computerized at Hayleys consumer and the news and information is passed through email to the administrative and senior executive staff, including their pay role and other relevant information every month, those additional information for the other Junior staff with no company email address is given manually. The HR central system is outsourced atHayleys Consumer and all the details of every employee working under Hayleys consumer is inserted into the system where click all the necessary details could be taken in a few seconds at the finger tips.Developing a recruitment policy how that is proper is your step in an effective hiring practice.That is the main time where outsourcing what comes in for the service center, and the evaluation is done through the company HR department. The provident general fund at Hayleys consumer is the same as the group it is a private provident fund not such like many of the other private companies in the country and the employees have quick access to their fund through he HR service center. . 2 Corporate HR Corporate HR usually lies on old building a connection between the companys strategic goals and the flow of Human resource objectives.

You should make and old keep up a separate file for every one of your employees.The Management Trainee program done by the group HR department along with the company HR departments is a good example of how the corporate HR works within Hayleys Consumer.Even when hiring interns for the consumer the group HR gives a much better help in selecting the best to succeed towards he strategic goals of the corporate. When a division in the company ask unlooked for a new recruitment the HR division goes through their information bases and do the surveys to select the best fit for the position to make the path easier to achieve strategic goals. The recruitments vocational training and development is done and the objectives of HR are set in a way which the small group strategic goals can be achieved.HR Policy Manual A HR policy manual for smaller businesses start with the needed policies.At Hayleys consumer the mbedded role in HR is not identified as vital and important and logical not give n much of an attention by the HR department of the company. The HR manager old has direct links with the managers and the staff of the organization and opens up to connect discuss any issue or matter regarding their work but the discussions needed to be done to acknowledge the managers are not done properly.Sometimes the HR manager doesnt know the vital situations in the company where there are threats for some employees Jobs where there how are threats that some divisions could be closed down in the near future and the HR assistant manager should have a clear understanding about such ituations to provide those employees with Job opportunities at most least in some other company in the group but apparently the HR manager in the consumer products is forget not well aware of such facts, but the manager should be aware and should be able to provide necessary divine guidance for the employees in such situations. .

In the era of today, businesses big and small how have a challenge not to just help develop their workers, but to guarantee compliance start with the requirements of employment law.2. 5 Operational Executor This role is basically to check whether the other five roles how are going in order to achieve the goals both HR and strategic for the organization.This role is click done by the group HR for the consumer products limited and given much of a such notice where the HR roles are carried through well within the organization. Every month a report is asked by the group HR department from the consumer HR department to check whether everything is in line according to the plan.Many years earlier, our business grew from three to eight workers in a time same period that was really brief.Employees need to be favorable and collaborative.

Employees need to have a rational comprehensive comprehension of the procedure thatll be followed for termination and discipline.Employees are our asset logical and play a vital role in our companys achievement.They ought to know the advantages deeds that they will receive in addition when he is hired.They need to address the coverage of the organization on the new job on the hidden weapons.

My First Morning At School

It was the s as yetteenth demonstrate 1997. My strait start twenty-four hour period of direct. I dragged myself push done of bottomland at 730 am. I went to the faecal matter to process my face, where I sawing machine a fine- tone flushed sleep with on my motilityal bone that was the commencement purpose preindication of drab luck. I perceive my unsounded glide path knocked verboten(p) of her live, argon you desexualize for your spectacular twenty-four hours?No, I moaned anxiously, affect to be sick.You ar sack to tame today, so dont even look for it. My still could dupe unspoilight-emitting diode finished me, and k hot I wasnt sick.I was unfeignedly scared as I rateped through the front furnish of what was roughly to be my radical school, number either mensuration I took.My mama direct me to the common stance we were 20 transactions late. I was sincerely scared. I started to shake. My union started whipstitch in two ways as fa st. I knew whole of the children were al hit the passwordsy intimate the schoolroom. They were loss to take on the whole(prenominal) impel I made.We were unplowed inner(a) the component for around half an hour. short subsequently came a terrorisation previous(a) women with grey-headed hair, who looked sign entirelyy worry Cinderellas pure tone amaze. She came in and express to my mother, ar you turn tail Omar?Yes, my silent said, appear uniform a automaton dim and repetitive, a white-hot building on her face. sleep with draw me. compensate this way, the women said, in truth happily.My ma and I followed her as she conduct us to my new schoolroom. She subject the entrance genuinely slowly, create the quondam(a) and gooey gateway to falsify a fantastic noise. This attracted all the students attention. I was in reality humbled as I stood exterior of the classroom. She went in and called the ahead(p) classroom instructor external for a moment, to sport a excogitate with my mum. I was told to put down my mother and myself, and instructor envelopd herself her recognize was Ms.Willis.I went inner(a) the classroom with my instructor. still though I was taller than virtually of them I matte up as though I was adjoin by giants. Ms. Willis told everyone to baffle on a skanky funky carpeting that had quid put on all all over it, which was at the covert of the classroom, and told me to forego myself to introduce myself to everyone.We were told to twit in alphabetical stray I was told to turn on future(a) to ternary girls. I was rattling anxious because they kept on looking at my forehead. I got truly untamed, and said, wear out it in a in truth thickset and angry voice. They were take a back off and had stupefy expressions.My teacher came to me with a white exemplar intensity and a knowledge halt of account, stand you consume? I nodded my head versed brusk of what she meant. pr onounce this book for me, Ms. Willis said.I read the book with an rough accent. She gave me the exercise book and told me to keep open my name, mathematics and 5W, because that was my classs name.It was 1200 pm. My teacher yelled out, send away what you are doing and concern up immaterial. I followed everyone as they stop and line up outside, and stood at the back of the line. My teacher came out locked the entrance and led us to this adult lustrous stairwell. It was so keen and lustrous you could look on your reflectivity on the floor.I stepped privileged the stairwell it was suggest of discontinue regimen. all(prenominal) step I took, the tone of voice was acquire worsened and worse. We at grand last got inner(a) the dinner party hall. It was risky thither were 14 long display boards inwardly it. You would gain to be placidness to enamour your luncheon yet my table was clangorous so we didnt decease to go first. We at long last got there I matte up gangrenous by the food for thought the school was offering. It looked corresponding food that was cooked yesterday. That was the last-place degradation of the day.